Brick-kiln



(No Model.)

J. G. GIBSON.

. Brick Kiln. No. 237,265. Patented Feb. 1,1881,

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IE TATES JOHN densson, or RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

BRlCK KlLN.

SPECIFICATION. forming part of Letters Patent No. 237,265, dated February 1, 1881.

Application filed November 30, 1850. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN (l. GIBSON, of Richmond, in the county of Henrico, and in the State of Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilns; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, making a part of this specification.

This invention is designed to provide a series of permanent draft passages or fiues in a brick-kiln, whereby air may be admitted to the interior to support combustion in such manner that the quantity can be readily controlled, so as to enable the burner or superintendent to regulate the supply, and the consequent intensity of the combustion, according to the nature of the clay and the fuel employed, and the condition of the weather.

Heretofore draft or air passages or fiues have been formed in the body of the kiln, durin g the setting of the bricks, directly by means of the bricks or by means of permanentbenches constructed of fire-clay, iron, or other suitable material, in all of which cold air was ad mitted to the heated brick, causing great loss by breakage, and no sufficient manner of controlling the admission of air was possible with such construction. Moreover, such construction has proved further objectionable, for the reason that effective room is taken up in the kiln.

I have found by experience that to properly burn the bricks in kilns constructed with fiues the air should be excluded from the fiues for from twenty-four to fifty-six hours at the start, according to the condition of the green brick, and to the closeness with which they are set.

It is the object of my invention to obviate the above-mentioned difficulties and provide for regulating the draft so as to exclude the air when necessary; and these objects I attain by the apparatus and devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a plan view of the ground upon which the kiln is to be. built, showing my improved system of fiues or airpassages Fig. 2, a vertical sectional View of the kiln and ground upon which it stands, also showing the fiues. I

The letter A indicates the walls of the kiln, which are constructed in the ordinary manner and B, the floor, constructed of brick-work, as usual.

The letters 0 d 0 indicate the air fiues or passages, which form the essential feature of my invention. These fiues areformed directly in the ground, below the fioor, the ground hein g properly beveled off and the fiues constructed therein. These fiues O commence on each side of the kiln, a short distance outside of the same, and extend inward directly below the kiln-eyes a. The said fiues at these points are of a width about equal to the width of the eyes, and are divided by longitudinal partitions g, whichcommence at the mouths of said fiues and extend backward therein to the walls h, where they terminate, forming double passages leading to the smaller fiues d, branching to each side, and connecting with the transverse fiues e.

The bricks are set in the kiln in the ordinary manner, as indicated by the letter I), forming the usual fire-arches, E, as indicatediu Fig. 2 of the drawings.

The ki1n-eyes or fuel-openings are provided with doors G, by means of which the direct draft into the same may be regulated and controlled.

It will be seen that the bricks forming the floors of the fire-chambers rest at their joints on the partitions g. These bricks, as they contract under the influence of the heat, widen the joints, so as to admit air from the entrancefiues directly to the fire-chambers, to assist in supporting combustion. The air courses around the fiues d and 0, thus becoming heated, so that as it permeates upward and meets the unconsumed products of combustion in the kiln it will assist the combustion of the same,

economizin g fuel to a great extent.

By regulating the draft at the mouthof air-' passages or fiues, it is evident that the air admitted to the kiln may pass entirely from. the fiues G into said kiln, or partly through the kiln-eyes, thus putting the operation of burnin g under complete control of the superintendent.

When the load or charge is burned it is removed, in the ordinary manner, by means of wagons, and to prevent injury to the fioor as the wagons are backed in to be loaded the said fioor may be protected by a covering of boards or otherwise. In case of dirt, ashes, or cinders entering the fines, it is only necessary, to remove them, to take up the course of bricks directly over the fines, when the said fines can be swept out without disturbing the remaining portions of the floor.

After the bricks are all removed from the kiln it is ready for recharging without the reconstruction of the fines.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A brick-kiln built upon a level bed, having suitable air-passages leading from the outside into and transversely across said bed, the said kiln being provided with a continuous level floor to support the bricks, substantially as specified.

2. A brick-kiln constructed with a series of fines formed in a bed supporting a fioorin g below said bed, the fines leading from the outside inwardly, and branching at angles and transversely across the bed, whereby the air 2 5 may be heated before coming into contact with the bricks, and the draft regulated and controlled until the kiln is in propercondition for its admission, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I 0 have hereunto set my hand this 29th day of October, 1880.

JNO; (J. GIBSON.

Witnesses:

H. AUBREY ToULMIN, BAILEY DAVIS. 

